インターナショナルウェブへのあなたのガイド

もちろん、インターネット上の自由の問題は、アクセスとバイパスブロックの匿名性以上のものを必要とします。自宅やネット上でデータを保護することは、誰にとっても継続的な闘争です。データセキュリティは、おそらく21世紀の最も重要な問題の1つです。それは、家で買い物をする消費者から戦争を計画している政府まで、すべての人に影響を及ぼします。もちろん、あなたが抑圧的な政権下で政治的反体制派である場合、機密情報を詮索好きな目から安全に保つことは不可欠です。

それでは、実際にデータを暗号化して保護するさまざまな方法を見てみましょう。

メール暗号化

インターネットを介して情報を送信すると、誰かがそれを傍受する可能性があることを常に認識しておく必要があります。商用Webサイトは、ほとんどの場合、何らかの形式のTLSまたはSSL暗号化を使用して、個人データの悪意のある傍受を保護しますが、これは通常、電子メールには当てはまりません。したがって、機密データまたは軽度の個人データを電子メールで送信する場合は、それを保護するのはあなた次第です。幸いなことに、それを行うにはいくつかの方法があります。

公開されている、無料で入手できる暗号化ソフトウェアの最も古いアプリケーションの1つは、 PGPです。 、またはかなり良いプライバシー 、暗号化。 2000年代初頭にPhilipZimmermanによって設立されましたが、作業の使用は1991年に開始され、PGPCorporationは現在Symantecの一部です。残念ながら、これは有料サービスになったことを意味しますが、メール保護を提供するだけでなく、すべてのファイルと実際にハードドライブ全体を暗号化できる非常に堅牢で非常に包括的な暗号化スイートを提供します。安くはありませんが、安全です。

GPG（Gnu Privacy Guard） は無料で、PGPのオープンソース実装であり、同じ原則で動作します。

他の無料サービスも存在し、あらゆる種類のプライベートユーザーに特定のセキュリティソリューションを提供します。 Gmailユーザーにとって、便利なアプリケーションがいくつかあります。 Encipher.itは、以前にMakeUseOfでプロファイルされています。もちろん、1つのメールサービスに固有ではないソリューションもあります。また、当社のWebサイトでそれらについて読むこともできます。

プライバシーは、インターネットを介して通信しているときに人々が抱える主要な懸念事項の1つです。 PaypalやAmazonなどのサイトで支払い情報を入力する場合でも、重要なメールを送信する場合でも。

ただし、電子メールの暗号化についてもう1つ覚えておくべきことは、電子メールへのアクセスにもう1つの作業が追加されることです。 Both the sender and receiver must have the same encryption keys, otherwise, your emails and files will just be gibberish, so you will have to coordinate closely at both ends.

Disk and File Protection

The data you send over the internet is far and away more vulnerable than the data on your hard drive, but even so, there is a risk of unauthorized access. Naturally, in these increasingly mobile times, we carry our data with us in all kinds of formats:laptops, flash drives, SD cards, and on and on…and all of these can (and do) get lost frequently.

In the unlikely case that you lose a flash drive containing truly sensitive data, knowing that you took the extra step of encrypting that data should reduce your regret a bit.

Just like email encryption, there are a number of software suites that offer security at the file or disk level, and in fact, some of the same software used for email protection can do the same for the files on your hard drive. The aforementioned PGP Encryption from Symantec offers this and more, but again for a price. Let's look at some free options.

One highly recommended solution used to be Truecrypt. It was an open source suite for Windows, Linux and Mac OS with on-the-fly encryption, making it free, convenient and highly useful. Now that the company shut down in 2014, here are some alternative sources that you can use to encrypt your data.

There are many data encryption suites, and there is simply no way to give an overview of all of them. For those wanting to compare the available options, we recommend having a look at this comparison of disk encryption software on Wikipedia.

International Browsing Practicalities

Having dealt with the heavier issues of the internet as a truly worldwide phenomenon, let's look at some of the less pressing, but perhaps more common, elements of international netting.

Let's look at specific information that should be of use for travelers, expats, and more. We'll discuss how to find internet access abroad, how to deal with language issues, and how to use some of the tools we discussed earlier to get your favorite entertainment regardless of your geographic location.

For The Traveler

Let's start by examining issues affecting the traveler abroad. Whether you're a backpacker lugging your iPad around the train stations of Europe, or a business traveler stuck in a hotel in Singapore, here's what you need to know to check your email, Skype with your friends, and more.

Finding Access

Any major city you visit, almost anywhere in the world, will have some kind of internet access. The question, though, is how much you have to pay and how to find it.

It is important to remember that patterns you might have in North America or Britain might not hold true in other countries. In the US, for example, coffee shops offer Wi-Fi, usually for free. But in Japan or Shanghai? Not so much.

Conversely, train stations in the States aren't really a place where people hang out to check their email, but in Germany, you could very well find a free hotspot right in the Hauptbahnhof.

Net Cafés &Coffee Shops

 For the student traveler, internet cafes can be a lifesaver. They are nearly ubiquitous (more so in the West than the East, it must be said. There seems to be one on every street corner in Berlin or Paris, but barely a handful in Hiroshima). Net cafes run the gamut from slick corporate establishments to hip modern spots to shady back alley setups full of WOW kids.

In some countries, internet cafes will require a drink order — the "café" was meant literally. A similar pattern holds true in many internet cafes in Japan. Even if it's not an official rule for coffee shops at the moment, it's always a good idea to check for purchase requirements like that before you go in.

Other requirements are a bit more onerous. As mentioned above, Italian internet cafes require all users to submit their passports for copying. No passport, no internet. In China, real name registration with ID might also be required. So if you're worried about providing your personal ID in some shady internet dive, it might be a good idea to give net cafes in these countries a pass.

ヒント： Before you land, do a web search, use Google Maps, or try sites like Net Cafe Guide [No Longer Available] to locate a cybercafe nearby.

Using Hotels, Hostels &Co-Working Spaces

If you are carrying your own net-enabled device, you can often get access via the hospitality businesses you use. For backpackers, hostels almost always provide free or very cheap internet access. Obviously, speeds might be low and security might be lacking, but for occasionally checking your email it certainly does the trick. Hotels offer the same service.

If you need a little more internet time, check out for co-working spaces nearby. Today you can find them almost everywhere, from a big European city to a little island in Thailand. Spending a day at one might come at a cost, however, sometimes there will be a first visit promotion and you'll get a decent discount or even get a free first day. Besides, it's a good way to meet like-minded people and get local advice while traveling.

Free Wi-Fi as The Holy Grail

The true budget traveler, of course, is always looking for free Wi-Fi. When I lived in Berlin I would often make the trek to the Sony Center at Potsdamer Platz to take advantage of their public hotspot. It was limited to 90 minutes, but all you had to do was log in under a new name to continue…well worth the trip! So if you look around, it can be found.

Online Sites

The first place to check when you're on the hunt for free Wi-Fi is online. The Hotspot Locations  search tool with its index of 35,000 spots around the world is a great first step. It's a database compiled by users and travelers of public hotspots. It's widespread, but there may be gaps in information for Asian and Australian locations.

Cafewifi i s a nice Google Maps mashup with Wi-Fi spots located colorfully on a map. Wiman  is another popular tool that provides Wi-Fi hotspots globally.

Use multiple search tools to find several hotspots around your area. You never know when one spot may be down or overcrowded. You have too many choices -- for instance, these five Wi-Fi Hotspwot finders for Windows, Android, iOS, and the web.

Of course, a little Googling can help you find more, but these are great places to start. One thing to keep in mind is that these are all listings of public spots, freely available. There are those who open their personal Wi-Fi, whether by accident or design. To find those, all you need is a Wi-Fi enabled device scanning for open networks.

Just remember, those are unsecured and provided by the generosity of others. Don't abuse them, and stay aware of the risks of public Wi-Fi spots.

Other Likely Locations

When you're traveling, and haven't done your research, there are a few spots you can try that are likely to offer free Wi-Fi. First, travel hubs are a good bet. Train stations in Europe, airports pretty much anywhere, etc. They all often have a variety of networks, paid and free, for travelers. Again, you'll need a device scanning for networks.

Other places to check are tourist spots with seating. The aforementioned Sony Center at Potsdamer Platz in Berlin is a good example. In Rome, there are some hotspots in larger piazzas. It can't hurt to check anywhere where there are lots of people not moving.

Security

It really should go without saying, but you must remember — on the road, you are at the mercy of the ISP you're using. And of course, don't forget the high possibility of usage monitoring at net cafes/public hotspots. It's vital that you be careful with your personal data.

When you're using a public computer, like at a net café, you should always avoid doing anything sensitive — logging into bank accounts, sending credit card details, using PayPal. Anything you wouldn't trust with a stranger, you shouldn't trust to a net café. Also, ALWAYS LOG OUT 。

Whatever you log into, always be careful to log out before you leave the computer, as well as unchecking those little "remember me on this computer" boxes. Logging into public Wi-Fi is perhaps a little safer, as you are using your own device, but there are still real risks. It is impossible to be too careful here, and the consequences for your privacy could be serious for a pretty small lapse in attention.

However, if you absolutely must access personal information, a little preparation is in order. For example, some private net cafes (as opposed to major chains like EasyInternet) allow you to use USB drives, meaning you can get a live USB stick with your own clean operating system running on their computer. It only bypasses software exploits or keyloggers, but it's a big step up in security.

There are several Linux systems that work from a USB, and even Windows has a special portable version that can run from a USB drive.

When running your OS from the USB, try using an on-screen keyboard that allows you to input characters with mouse clicks rather than keystrokes, to foil hardware-based keyloggers. But really, just use your head, think in advance and do your best to avoid this kind of risk.

Special Notes for the Expat

The issues faced by travelers are a bit different from those of the expat:if you are living and working in another country, you probably have internet access. However, expats face their own set of problems, and that's what's outlined in this third chapter.

Set Up a PC While Abroad

If you go into another country without your own computer or live in another country long enough for your computer to become obsolete, you will probably end up buying one. Computers are, luckily, pretty much the same anywhere. Windows is Windows, whatever the language and Apple's OS X is universal too.

One major problem that people run into, however, is language. Living abroad, you may be amazed to find that English is not the default language for everything everywhere.誰かわかったね？ Apple seems to allow users to freely select their system language, and the same is true for computers running Windows 10 now.

Older Windows versions were locked to a specific language. In Windows 10, you can download and install a language pack and Also, one of the key features now is that the associated keyboard is automatically installed along with it.

Block automatic location detection. One final issue that really causes headaches for expats (or the ones I talk to, at least) is a symptom of the growing cleverness of the net itself:automatic location detection. It seems that every major site owner, from Google to Amazon, is able to tell what part of the world you're accessing from. While this can be a great convenience if, for example, you're looking for local weather information, it can be a real pain if you're trying to read English language news when you're in another country.

Some sites — Amazon for example— allow you to choose your location or change the display language with a simple menu.

For others, especially Google services like Maps or Plus, you have to go into your account settings and make sure that your language is set to the one you can read — which, if you can't read what's on the screen, could be really difficult. It helps if you are familiar with the general layout of the settings, but you might need to ask someone with the requisite language skills for help.

General Language Issues on the Net

Language is not only an issue for expatriates, of course. For those of us with an interest in the world beyond our own national borders, it can sometimes be difficult to find what we're looking for in a format we can understand. There are a lot of languages in the world, and no one can know all of them. Translation software can help with that, but before we get to that step there's something else we need to think about.

Displaying Non-Alphabetic Languages

Languages that use non-alphabetic writing, like Chinese characters, Cyrillic or Hindi, sometimes require special decoding for display on computers that don't natively support them. For example, people using American computers to access a Japanese webpage might very well see something like this:

The same can be true of any number of languages.どうすればいいですか？

Translate a website with Google Translate. You can read a foreign website with a chosen language and even change languages on the fly. You don't even need to have a Google account to use it.

Google Chrome can auto-detect languages.  Click on Translate and Chrome will display the web page in your chosen language. Take the help of this Google Support article to set a specific language and also change the language of menus (if necessary) in the Chrome browser.

Do note that browsers like Chrome follow auto-encoding detection now. The erstwhile language encoding menu option is gone. Other browsers have also fine-tuned their machine translation features with inbuilt tools or add-ons.

Here's a translation tip that still works:

Try to break the page down into smaller sections. Instead of just plugging the URL into Google translate and letting it do the whole page, try copy-pasting a few words or phrases. When you have an idea of the words being used, try translating some complete sentences to get a grasp of the grammar. You will probably start to understand what you're reading more with some repetition. It's still not perfect, but it helps.

Live Translation with Mobile Apps

You can also take the help of dedicated machine translation services your mobile. Machine translation is getting better every day thanks to artificial intelligence and even augmented reality.

Google Translate for iOS and Android. Get text translations even without a web connection. You can also translate 38 languages with the smartphone camera and optical character recognition.

Microsoft Translator for iOS and Android.  It may play second fiddle to Google Translate but it has a real-time conversation mode that makes it a must-have when you are going international.

SayHi Translate for iOS and Kindle. Try this universal translator that uses voice recognition in 90 languages.

Accessing Region-Blocked Media

One unfortunate development on the net is the corporate establishment of artificial restrictions on content. The internet itself is international, the information it carries recognizes no borders. But media producers like television stations and movie studios, are dead set on making their own.

This is, of course, their legal right, and that isn't going to change anytime soon. However, at the same time, it is a real pain for those of us wanting to watch the Daily Show outside of the US. There are ways to go around region-blocking, of course, and we'll look at those for a bit.

Region Locking &What It Means for You

There are a growing number of online media streaming sites, many offered for free. This means that users can, for the most part, see or hear what they want, when they want it. Indeed, not only is this kind of distribution growing more common, it's reaching every device with net access.

Smartphones, tablets, game consoles and more — today they're all streaming enabled. That kind of convenience is appealing for everyone, of course, but the artificial blocks installed by distributors (at the undoubted request of copyright holders) can prevent access for a lot of people without the good fortune to be living in a random geographical location designated by a corporation as "acceptable."

With all that content out there waiting for an audience, a lot of people have found ways around the location blocking on their favorite streaming and download sites. Some of them will be familiar if you have read the rest of this manual.

VPNs, Tunneling &IPN Spoofing

The most straightforward way to gain access to region-locked content is to trick the site into thinking you're in the right place. VPNs and Tunneling services are simple ways to do this. At this point, an expat hungry for the latest Doctor Who episode intersects with a blogger hiding her identity from the Iranian secret police.

Free VPN Services

There are a number of free VPN and tunneling services. Most of them have some limitations on usage, but they are still usable.

Tunnelbear  is a great new service that allows 500MB of usage a month for free , with a campaign adding another gigabyte if you tweet about their service. They've also added an iPad/iPhone app, allowing you to access blocked content on the go. If you're willing to pay, you can remove your usage limits completely. It's also easy to use, with a simple "on/off" interface and the option of choosing your location — UK or the USA, depending on what content you want to access.

PrivateTunnel  offers 500MB of free data to new users. After that, you can purchase pre-paid blocks of data as per your use. It's a bit more complex than Tunnelbear. Also, the security options are more strict than what you want, but it is fast and reliable.

Hotspot Shield  is a security/VPN service that not only allows you to tunnel into US or UK based servers for content access. It also offers security against malware and adds HTTPS protocols to protect your personal information.

There are more VPN services like this, but these are probably the three biggest and most popular.

Paid VPN Services

All of the services above include free and paid versions, increasing your usage caps or improving service in general. There are also services which don't offer free versions. A subscription will give you a bit faster, smoother connections with better customer service.

StrongVPN  is one of the biggest, most popular VPN services on the net. They offer to tunnel to 24 different countries, with higher speeds and better connections than the free services above. They have several price levels, the cheapest starting at US$5.83 a month. Consider a paid tier for your peace of mind.

HideIPVPN  is another free/premium service but their "free version" is only a 24-hour trial. They have a slick interface, but their quality falls a bit behind StrongVPN, at least from Japan.

There are many paid VPN services you can choose from. But, in terms of budget and reputation, StrongVPN is at the top of the heap.

Do note that these services tend to slow down connections a little. But generally, you can stream video or audio with few problems.

Explore More From Anywhere in the World

We hope that the information contained in this guide is at least thought-provoking, if not helpful.

The internet is worthy of every effort to move beyond your borders. This guide was written to help people do that, and hopefully, make the world a little smaller. But before you go on exploring above and beyond, we'd like to hear your thoughts.

Do you believe the internet should be free and accessible for all? Have you ever come across any kind of regional-/national-blocking? If you have has to bypass such blocks before, what kind of tools you found useful? Please, share your experiences with us in the comments below!