Kafkaを使用したRailsでのイベントストリーミング

emailのようないくつかの属性を持つユーザーモデルを作成できます 、first_name およびlast_name 次のコマンドを実行します：

rails g model User email first_name last_name

次に、これを使用して移行を実行できます：

rails db:migrate

次に、次のような検証を追加します。

class User < ApplicationRecord
  validates :email, uniqueness: true
end

最後に、消費者を変えることができます：

class UsersConsumer < ApplicationConsumer
  def consume
    Karafka.logger.info "New [User] event: #{params.payload}"
    User.create!(params.payload['user'])
  end
end

それでは、同じメールアドレスで2つのイベントを作成しましょう：

UsersResponder.call({ event_name: "user_created", user: { user_id: 1, email: '[email protected]', first_name: 'Bruce', last_name: 'Wayne' } } )

UsersResponder.call({ event_name: "user_created", user: { user_id: 2, email: '[email protected]', first_name: 'Bruce', last_name: 'Wayne' } } )

これにより、最初のイベントがデータベースに作成されます：

New [User] event: {"event_name"=>"user_created", "user"=>{"user_id"=>1, "email"=>"[email protected]", "first_name"=>"Bruce", "last_name"=>"Wayne"}}
[[karafka_example] {users: 0}:] [fetch] Received response 2 from 192.168.1.77:9092
[[karafka_example] {users: 0}:] Fetching batches
[[karafka_example] {users: 0}:] [fetch] Sending fetch API request 3 to 192.168.1.77:9092
[[karafka_example] {users: 0}:] [fetch] Waiting for response 3 from 192.168.1.77:9092
  TRANSACTION (0.1ms)  BEGIN
  ↳ app/consumers/users_consumer.rb:14:in `consume'
  User Create (9.6ms)  INSERT INTO "users" ("user_id", "email", "first_name", "last_name", "created_at", "updated_at") VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6) RETURNING "id"  [["user_id", "1"], ["email", "[email protected]"], ["first_name", "Bruce"], ["last_name", "Wayne"], ["created_at", "2021-03-10 04:29:14.827778"], ["updated_at", "2021-03-10 04:29:14.827778"]]
  ↳ app/consumers/users_consumer.rb:14:in `consume'
  TRANSACTION (5.0ms)  COMMIT
  ↳ app/consumers/users_consumer.rb:14:in `consume'
Inline processing of topic users with 1 messages took 70 ms
1 message on users topic delegated to UsersConsumer

ただし、2番目のメールは失敗します。これは、メールが一意であるという検証があるためです。既存のメールで別のレコードを追加しようとすると、次のように表示されます。

New [User] event: {"event_name"=>"user_created", "user"=>{"user_id"=>2, "email"=>"[email protected]", "first_name"=>"Bruce", "last_name"=>"Wayne"}}
[[karafka_example] {users: 0}:] [fetch] Received response 2 from 192.168.1.77:9092
[[karafka_example] {users: 0}:] Fetching batches
[[karafka_example] {users: 0}:] [fetch] Sending fetch API request 3 to 192.168.1.77:9092
[[karafka_example] {users: 0}:] [fetch] Waiting for response 3 from 192.168.1.77:9092
  TRANSACTION (0.2ms)  BEGIN
  ↳ app/consumers/users_consumer.rb:14:in `consume'
  User Exists? (0.3ms)  SELECT 1 AS one FROM "users" WHERE "users"."email" = $1 LIMIT $2  [["email", "[email protected]"], ["LIMIT", 1]]
  ↳ app/consumers/users_consumer.rb:14:in `consume'
  TRANSACTION (0.2ms)  ROLLBACK
  ↳ app/consumers/users_consumer.rb:14:in `consume'
[[karafka_example] {users: 0}:] Exception raised when processing users/0 at offset 42 -- ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid: Validation failed: Email has already been taken

最後の行にエラーが表示されますActiveRecord::RecordInvalid: Validation failed: Email has already been taken 。しかし、ここで興味深いのは、Kafkaがイベントを何度も処理しようとすることです。 Karafkaサーバーを再起動しても、最後のイベントを処理しようとします。カフカはどこから始めればよいのかをどうやって知るのですか？

コンソールが表示された場合、エラーの後に次のように表示されます：

[[karafka_example] {users: 0}:] Exception raised when processing users/0 at offset 42

どのオフセットが処理されたかがわかります。この場合はオフセット42でした。したがって、Karafkaサービスを再起動すると、そのオフセットで開始されます。

[[karafka_example] {}:] Committing offsets with recommit: users/0:42
[[karafka_example] {users: 0}:] Fetching batches

ユーザーモデルに電子メール検証があるため、それでも失敗します。この時点で、Karafkaサーバーを停止し、その検証を削除またはコメントして、サーバーを再起動します。イベントが正常に処理される方法がわかります：

[[karafka_example] {}:] Committing offsets with recommit: users/0:42
[[karafka_example] {}:] [offset_commit] Sending offset_commit API request 5 to 192.168.1.77:9092
[[karafka_example] {}:] [offset_commit] Waiting for response 5 from 192.168.1.77:9092
[[karafka_example] {}:] [offset_commit] Received response 5 from 192.168.1.77:9092
Params deserialization for users topic successful in 0 ms
New [User] event: {"event_name"=>"user_created", "user"=>{"user_id"=>2, "email"=>"[email protected]", "first_name"=>"Bruce", "last_name"=>"Wayne"}}
  TRANSACTION (0.2ms)  BEGIN
  ↳ app/consumers/users_consumer.rb:14:in `consume'
  User Create (3.8ms)  INSERT INTO "users" ("user_id", "email", "first_name", "last_name", "created_at", "updated_at") VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6) RETURNING "id"  [["user_id", "2"], ["email", "[email protected]"], ["first_name", "Bruce"], ["last_name", "Wayne"], ["created_at", "2021-03-10 04:49:37.832452"], ["updated_at", "2021-03-10 04:49:37.832452"]]
  ↳ app/consumers/users_consumer.rb:14:in `consume'
  TRANSACTION (5.5ms)  COMMIT
  ↳ app/consumers/users_consumer.rb:14:in `consume'
Inline processing of topic users with 1 messages took 69 ms
1 message on users topic delegated to UsersConsumer
[[karafka_example] {}:] Marking users/0:43 as processed

最後に、最後の行に次のメッセージが表示されます：Marking users/0:43 as processed 。

class UsersConsumer < ApplicationConsumer
  include Karafka::Consumers::Callbacks

  before_poll do
    Karafka.logger.info "*** Checking something new for #{topic.name}"
  end

  after_poll do
    Karafka.logger.info '*** We just checked for new messages!'
  end

  def consume
    Karafka.logger.info "New [User] event: #{params.payload}"
    User.create!(params.payload['user'])
  end
end

*** Checking something new for users
[[karafka_example] {}:] No batches to process
[[karafka_example] {users: 0}:] [fetch] Received response 325 from 192.168.1.77:9092
[[karafka_example] {users: 0}:] Fetching batches
[[karafka_example] {users: 0}:] [fetch] Sending fetch API request 326 to 192.168.1.77:9092
[[karafka_example] {users: 0}:] [fetch] Waiting for response 326 from 192.168.1.77:9092
*** We just checked for new messages!

*** Checking something new for users
[[karafka_example_example] {}:] Sending heartbeat...
[[karafka_example_example] {}:] [heartbeat] Sending heartbeat API request 72 to 192.168.1.77:9092
[[karafka_example_example] {}:] [heartbeat] Waiting for response 72 from 192.168.1.77:9092
[[karafka_example_example] {}:] [heartbeat] Received response 72 from 192.168.1.77:9092
*** We just checked for new messages!

*** Checking something new for users
[[karafka_example] {}:] No batches to process
[[karafka_example] {users: 0}:] [fetch] Received response 307 from 192.168.1.77:9092
[[karafka_example] {users: 0}:] Fetching batches
[[karafka_example] {users: 0}:] [fetch] Sending fetch API request 308 to 192.168.1.77:9092
[[karafka_example] {users: 0}:] [fetch] Waiting for response 308 from 192.168.1.77:9092
[[karafka_example] {}:] Committing offsets: users/0:44
[[karafka_example] {}:] [offset_commit] Sending offset_commit API request 69 to 192.168.1.77:9092
[[karafka_example] {}:] [offset_commit] Waiting for response 69 from 192.168.1.77:9092
[[karafka_example] {}:] [offset_commit] Received response 69 from 192.168.1.77:9092
*** We just checked for new messages!